Udo Udeme Udo Final Project PPP

UDO UDEME UDO

FINAL PROJECT

Public Private Partnership IN Nigeria Can be describe as partially successful as most of such project have succeeded while others has failed. Since the  coming democracy, there has been needs in closing infrastructural gap in Nigeria after years of almost no improvement in virtually any sector in the country .

While most of the project have been Federal projects another set of such partnership is with the state government. Although it seems that the state government have little in terms of funds and capacity in the area of assurance on paying back in cases where the finance methodology is on structured payment method. This raises the question on the economy of the project and the risk factor involve.

The second challenge with both state and federal government had to content with was the issue of large debt profile to both foreign and local financiers. As at then Nigeria debt profile stood at about $34 billion external and about $40billion internal debt. That poses a big challenge for the government.

Water challenges in Calabar Cross River state prior to world bank intervention

To tackle these challenges the government took some quick but effective action on debt forgiveness from the Parish club followed by the establishment of Infrastructure Concession Regulatory commission (Icrc), apart from that, the issue of corruption in the area of procurement processes the government established the Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP) to assure bidders and project financier that the procurement of contract would be transparent.

Today several project such as the

·         Rehabilitation and Upgrade of Murtala Muhammed  Airport Road

·         Construction of 2nd Niger Bridge Proposed

·         Construction of River Niger Bridge at Nupeko Proposed

And many other project by external sponsors such as the Calabar water project sponsored by world bank, and the Abuja speed rail project funded by the Chinese bank under Build Operate and Transfer arrangement at the cost of 500 Million dollar.

On this project I will focus on the Development of Katampe District under PPP arrangement

FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY ADMINISTRATION

(FCTA),

 PROJECT NAME:                                Development of Katampe District

 DESCRIPTION:                                   Accelerated development of urban

districts across the Federal Capital Territory (FCT),

with Katampe district as a Pilot Case.

 PROJECT COST ESTIMATE:               N61 billion

 PPP MODEL:                                      Build Operate and Transfer (BOT)

 REVENUE REVENUE MODEL: User Charges

 Federal Capital Ministry

 PROJECT STATUS:             The Concession Contract was signed                                                                               on 19th Oct, 2010. Ground breaking ceremony wa held on the 2^nd of    February 2012

This project stands a very good chance for success as one the infrastructural challenges of the Nation’s capital city is housing. The housing deficit in Nigeria is put at about 17 million (daily independent newspaper , 14^th April, 2015.

And Abuja being the fastest growing city in the country with a large number of middle class need a substantive housing project. To tackle this, there need for opening of new layout to discourage building more slums.

The economics of the project is high as most project of this kind have a consistent record of success due to the numbers of available off-takers for housing.  With fair payback option, and a very good location such as Katamkpe an annex of the luxury Maitama area a very expensive part of Abuja. And a 30 years concession plans it indeed a give away project, as usual with any of such project in the FCT, the project is fully guaranteed with and Irrevocable Standing Payment Order/Bank Guarantee. This make the risk well in favour of the private sector. On the government angle, there is no financial commitment except the allocation of land and administrative cost for effective supervision of the project. This project will provide a good housing for over 40,000 peoples.

References:

http://dailyindependentnig.com/2015/04/nigerias-17m-housing-deficit-challenges-buhari/

http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P115386/nigeria-publicprivate-partnership-program?lang=en

http://www.icrc.gov.ng/project_book.pdf

www.fcda.gov.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view...id.

HOME REMEDIES FOR HAIR GROWTH

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PALM OIL PROCESSING PLANT

PALM OIL PROCESSING PLANT

A WORKABLE BUSINESS PLAN

PREPARED BY

UDEME U. UDO

JUNE, 2013.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENT

                                                                             PAGE
Introduction

CHAPTER 1

1.10            Business Description
1.11            Business Goals
1.13            Return on Investment
1.12            Equity Structure

CHAPTER 2

2.0              Sources of Fund
2.10            Operating Cost
2.11            Projected Takes off Capital

CHAPTER 3

3.0 Management Team

CAPTER4

4.10            Market Size
4.11            Competition
4.12            Future Trend

CHAPTER 5

5.0              Manufacturing Process
5.10            Raw Materials

CHAPTER 6

6.0              Marketing Strategy
6.10            Prospecting Customers
6.11            Distribution Policies
6.12            Promotion Method

6.13            CONCLUSION
6.14            RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

The Federal Government of Nigeria included vegetable oil, soap, and many other products of which palm oil and it associate product forms the main ingredient of such products amongst other in the import prohibition list.
That means that as at 2009 and beyond, no foreign product of such items was to be imported into the country.
This government policy is in the right direction.

The marginal propensity to consume in third world countries is very high. This leads to low savings, low capital formation, low investment and low productivity. The end results are the vicious circle of poverty, which without sounding a false alarm, is the picture of Nigerian economy.

In order to break this vicious circle of poverty a meticulous identification, evaluation and appraisal of viable projects in terms of small capital outlay, local raw materials availability, cheap manpower requirements and availability of sustainable high market demand, low but nonetheless appropriate technology, employment generation and incremental gain among others, have been carried out in this proposal. The end result is that toilet palm oil production, even at a small-scale level fits well technologically, the payback period short and economically very viable if properly managed.

CHAPTER 1

1.10 BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
Southern Oil Palm Nigeria Ltd will commence business in January 2015 as the division of Udemsco Industries Ltd. (UIL). UIL decided to commence palm oil production in Otoro Abak, Abak L. G. A of Akwa Ibom State or it environ because of the gap between Demand and supply of the commodity to the ever expanding Nigeria Market.

1.13 Business Goals
Udemsco Industries Ltd is in the business of palm oil production. The company Objectives is to expand local palm oil and its associate products by processes the products for direct consumption and commercial needs. The company utilizes local raw materials in the country process package and sell it as a finished production of high quality.

Our Goals includes but not limited to the following
ü Starting Small and latter growing it capital into a big conglomerates through hard work and high quality products.
ü To create employment for our unemployed youths
ü To boast local production of direct consumable goods in the country
ü To becomes the largest oil palm farm and processing company on a long run.

1.13 Return on Investment

With an initial investment in planting of seedlings each year over a seven-year period. In the third year the first set of trees begin to bear fruit.  The estimation in terms of the size and type of processing unit required by the company

By establishing the block of planted areas by year so the age of the trees may be determined. The oil palm tree begins to bear fruit from the third year and the yield per tree increases progressively with age until it peaks around 20 years. The yield begins to decline from year 25 through 40 when the economic life of the tree ebbs.
Table 3 describes the potential yields of palm fruit bunches (in metric tonnes) from the planted hectares per year. Estimates in Table 3 are used to calculate the expected annual yield for each
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Home Remedies for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia or Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

Home Remedies for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia or Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

IN last week’s edition, we mentioned tomatoes, pumpkin seeds, watermelon seeds as some of the specific foods that have been proven to be effective in the management and prevention of prostate enlargement. Other foods include:

Soybeans (Glycine max)

Studies have shown that the consumption of soy-based foods helps in preventing prostate enlargement. Prostate enlargement is less prevalence among Japanese men and this has been attributed to the Japanese diet that is rich in soy and tofu.

Soy is a staple food in many Asian countries and is rich in proteins (the source of essential amino acids), dietary fibres, vitamins C and E, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and calcium. It is low in fat and is cholesterol-free. Soy also contains plant oestrogens like isoflavones (primarily genistein and daidzein) and anthocyanin that have antioxidant properties which are known to help control prostate enlargement and may reduce the risk of hormone-dependent cancers, such as prostate cancer, breast cancers as well as other cancers.

Anthocyanin is also found in red cabbage, red wine, green tea and berries.

Onions (Allium cepa)

Onions are bulbous perennial or biennial herbs believed to be native to the Northern Hemisphere. For more than 6,000 years, onion bulbs have been cultivated worldwide and used as food and for healing various health problems.

Onion bulb is an excellent source of amino acids (such as glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, glycine, etc.); vitamin C; vitamin E; B-vitamins, e.g. B1 (thiamine), B2 (Riboflavin); folic acid; potassium; phosphorous; calcium; manganese; sodium; sulphur; and, in lesser quantities – manganese; iron; copper; zinc; and selenium. It is rich in dietary fibres and contains no fat.

Essentially, onion bulb contains essential oil with many sulphurous compouonds such as allicin (diallyl disulfide), flavonoid quercetin, etc., which make it a powerful immune booster and an excellent antioxidant and anti-tumour agent.

Recent studies have shown that a daily liberal intake of raw whole onion or taking raw onion juice is one of the most effective home supplements for the prevention of prostate disorders in men. Consumption of onion inhibits organ enlargements and inhibits the establishment of cancerous centers in the body. However, the health and preventive benefits of raw onion manifest only after long-term usage.

Sea foods

It is advisable to substitute red meat with sea foods such as salmon fish, mackerel, tuna, fish, herring, etc. These sea foods are very high in omega-3 fatty acids and other fish oils.

Omega-3 oil fatty acids are beneficial for cardiovascular health and help in preventing prostate tumours and cancerous growths. It has also been found that by taking any one of 1 tablespoon of virgin coconut oil, walnut oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil or evening primrose oil daily helps in relieving the symptoms of prostate enlargement.

Supplements for Prostate Enlargement

Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV)

Apple cider vinegar is an acidic solution produced by fermenting apples. The healing benefits have been known for thousands of years, and recent studies also show that apple cider vinegar contains more than 90 different bioactive substances including apple pectin, malic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and numerous enzymes. It also contains Vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, beta-carotene, vitamin P (bioflavonoids), potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, chlorine, copper, iron, silicon, fluorine and other trace minerals.

Owing to its high content of beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin A, ACV has powerful antioxidant activities.

Sipping diluted apple cider vinegar solution (2 teaspoons of apple cider vinegar in one glass of water a day) helps to restore the body’s acid/alkaline balance, boosts the immune system, removes accumulated toxins in the body and helps lower blood cholesterol.

Apple cider vinegar may not cure or reduce prostate enlargement and prostate cancer directly; however, it does these indirectly by helping to remove potentially dangerous toxins and mopping up or neutralizing free radicals - in the body – which can cause the damage of cells and thus lead to prostate degenerative changes in the prostate gland.

Blackstrap Molasses

Crude blackstrap molasses is a healthful sweetener that contains significant amounts of a variety of minerals that promote health. Scientific analysis has shown that blackstrap molasses is an excellent source of most vital nutrients. For example, two tablespoons of blackstrap molasses contains the following: Calcium (117.53 mg), Copper (0.28 mg), Iron (2.39 mg), Magnesium (29.38 mg), Manganese (0.36 mg), Potassium (340.57 mg), Phosphorus,; and trace minerals like Chromium and Selenium (2.43 mcg).

Taking two tablespoons of organic blackstrap molasses daily as a sweetener together with Vitamins A, C, E and Zinc has been found to shrink enlarged prostate and prevents the degenerative changes in the cells of the prostate gland that can cause malignant growths.

Other Supplements

Lycopene occurs most commonly in tomatoes, and has been found to be very helpful in reducing the risk of BPH and preventing prostate cancer. Taking lycopene together with vitamin E, selenium and zinc daily, helps in decreasing the risk of prostate (and other cancers) by 50%.

Research has shown that while selenium protects the inside of the cell, vitamin E protects the cell membrane and selenium works synergistically with vitamin E to protect the whole cell. Patients with BPH and prostate cancer usually have low zinc levels in their blood. Therefore, taking zinc as supplement enhances the immune function and helps to protect the prostate gland

Taking either flaxseed oil or fish oils (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) or evening primrose daily helps protect against prostate cancer.

From The Guardian Newspaper

 

The Healing Values Of Corn Silk (Maize Silk)

The Healing Values Of Corn Silk (Maize Silk)

Saturday, 01 June 2013 00:00

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CORN is known botanically as Zea mays. It belongs to the family of grasses which is scientifically called Gramiaeae. Corn silk, also classified as Zea mays, is the silky (hair-like) styles (10-20cm long) found between the ears and the husks of corn. When fresh, they are light green or yellow-brown in colour. They are usually harvested when the husks are fresh; and they are dried in a warm and airy room or in a drying shed. The drying process takes approximately 7-14 days. Dried corn silk resembles fine, dark, crinkled hair, and is used as herb and not as food.

Dried corn silk is cut and stored in an airtight container - preferably in a dark glass container. The medicinal values, (especially the diuretic properties) of the silk, like those of any other herbs, diminish after about two years of storage. Corn silk is effective either fresh or dried. However, when used fresh, it may act as a laxative. It is one of the safest herbs that can be used for children, pregnant women, nursing mothers, adult and the aged.

Constituents Of Corn Silk:

Laboratory analysis reveals that the main active constituents of corn silk are as follows: Maizemic acid, fixed oil, mucilage, sugars, resin, saponin, salicylic acid, oxalic acid, alkaloids, tartaric acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, thymol, steroids, allantoin, etc. Miscellaneous constituents of corn silk include: Vitamins (B vitamins and PABA, panthothenic acid, thiamin, beta carotene, Vitamins C and K); it also contains high amounts of potassium, silicon (silica), calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus and zinc.

Therapeutic Actions Of Corn Silk:

Diuretic, demulcent, tonic, mild stimulant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, lithotriptic, antiseptic and antimicrobial; and is a mild anodyne.

Method of Preparation / Dosages:

(i) Infusion (tea): 1 to 2 teaspoons of the dried herb is infused for up to 10-15 minutes in a teacup of boiling water. This could be taken warm or cold 3 -5 times daily, depending on the severity of the condition.

Alternatively:-30g of the herb is infused in a litre of boiling water, and a cup (200 ml) is taken three times a day.

(ii) Decoction: The silk from 3 ears of fresh corn could be boiled with 3 tea cups of water for 5 minutes; and half or one cup of the decoction could be taken at once for up to 3-4 times a day.

(iii) Tincture of Corn Silk: Corn silk is soaked in 130g or 500ml of alcohol as a standard herbal tincture.

(iv) Corn Silk Capsules: Dried corn silk is powdered and capsulated. 2 capsules are taken 3 times daily with plenty of water at meal times.

Corn silk has been proven to have a very high amount of potassium which makes it a very balanced herbal diuretic. It stimulates the renal epithelium cells to excrete and increase urine flow in cases of water retention. Because of its high potassium contents, it does not upset the body’s normal chemistry (i.e. electrolyte balance). Also, due to its saponins, allantoin and mucilage contents, corn silk exerts demulcent or soothing and healing effects on irritated tissues in the body.

Therapeutic Indications (Or Uses Of Corn Silk)Corn silk is given as an effective and balanced herbal diuretic for minimizing oedema (water retention) at the in the lower limbs as in pedal oedema in pregnant women, prior to the monthly menstruation as in premenstrual syndrome (PMS), dropsies due to heart disease, hypertension or the subpalpebral oedema (bag of water under the eyes).

Unsweetened corn silk infusion alone is an excellent remedy given to children with profuse albumin in urine due to nephrotic syndrome (Nephrosis).

Corn Silk is used as a soothing and relaxing herb to help calm and alleviate the irritation and inflammations in the kidneys, urinary tract, prostate and the urinary bladder, which often result in burning and painful urination. Therefore, corn silk is usually recommended in cases of nephritis (inflammation of the kidneys), cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis and bedwetting.

Corn silk clears toxins, catarrh, cataract deposits and reduces the formation of sediments in the kidneys and bladder. It is used for the treatment of renal calculi (kidney stones) and urinary bladder stones and gravel.

The stone-breaking (litholytic) property of “stone breaker” (Phyllanthus nuriri) is enhanced when it is combined with corn silk and given as infusion (tea). Also, taking a mixture of corn silk and Phyllanthus nuriri as tea regularly helps in the treatment and prevention of gallbladder stones, cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) and sclerosis of the liver. Corn silk is a gentle blood-purifying remedy and it helps in clearing excessive uric acids deposited in the joints and body tissues. It also exerts some analgesic and anodyne actions in the body and this makes it useful in the treatment of rheumatism and arthritis, gout and sciatica.

A regular intake of corn silk infusion is one of the cheapest ways of losing excess body weight (obesity). For this purpose, corn silk is more effective when it is taken in combination with other herbs like chickweed (Stellaria media). Studies have shown that taking an overnight cold infusion of corn silk exerts hypoglycemic (blood sugar-lowering) effect, especially in an overweight patient. Taking corn silk infusion or the tincture will help in “cheering up a depressed spirit” and calming a restless mind.

From the Guardian Newspaper